All About Biners

How to pick the right carabiner

·      Oval, D, pear or asymmetrical?

·      Straight, bent or wire gate?

·      Locking or non-locking?

·      Keylock or hook-and-nose closure?

With so many choices out there, picking the right carabiner is not always a simple decision. But you can’t go climbing without them. They are indispensible for so many critical chores:

·      Clipping into your rope

·      Clipping your rope to a piece of protection

·      Attaching gear to your harness

The decision on what to buy depends mainly on the intended use. You also need to be sure you are using each one correctly for the task at hand.

If you are confused about what type of biners you need to populate your personal rack, here’s a quick guide to what you need to know to navigate the potentially complex waters of carabiner shopping.

Shape

Carbiners come in four general shapes: oval, pear, D or asymmetrical D. What’s the difference?

1. The traditional oval

Invented in the early 1900s by Otto Herzog, the oval carabiner is still used today.

The pros of an oval biner are:

·      They are often more affordable

·      They can hold more gear than D shaped biners

·      Two can be used in place of a locking biner if set up correctly

·      Their symmetrical shape allows them to be used for a carabiner-brake rappel

·      They are great for aid climbing because they centre the load at their curve, helping to stop runners from shifting under load

The drawbacks to oval biners are:

·      They are not as strong as the other shapes because, under load, the force is applied equally to the spine and gate 

·      They can be heavier

·      Their symmetrical shape can make them harder to handle

2.  The dutiful D

The next phase in the evolution of the modern carabiner is the D. It’s a key tool in every climber’s rack. Because its shape forces load to the spine it is stronger and can be made lighter than the oval. Its shape also makes it easier to clip into.

3. The asymmetrical or offset D

Lighter because they are slightly smaller and narrower at one end, asymmetrical Ds are the go-to biners for many modern climbers.  They tend to have larger gate openings, making clipping and racking even easier. The drawback for some is the more limited space within the D.

Modern asymmetrical Ds come with all kinds of ergonomic enhancements to enhance clip-ability.

4. The hitchable pear

Pear shaped carabiners are generally reserved for belaying. They can be used with a belay device, but they also allow a climber to belay with a simple munter hitch.  Sometimes called an HMS carabinrer, short for the German word Halb­mas­t­wurf­sicherung, which means munter hitch belay, a pear shaped biner is a good back-up in case you find yourself without a belay device.

Gate
  
Carabiner gates can be:

·      Solid or wire (gate type)

·      Bent or straight (gate design)

They also come with two different closure mechanisms:

·      notched or keylock

Why all the choices?

1. Gate type

Solid gates are the most common type of carabiner gate. They are constructed of metal tubing and standard on all locking carabiners. A spring mechanism is used to snap them shut.

Wire gates are made of a loop of stainless steel wire. While they may look less strong than solid gates, the converse is actually the case.  Wire gates are:

·      lighter

·      as strong or stronger

·      potentially safer

than solid gates.

Why? Due to the low weight of the gate, they are less likely to flutter or vibrate open during a fall. Wire gates are also less likely to freeze up in winter or become jammed with mud, dirt or ice.

2. Gate design

Straight gates are the standard. They offer up lots of functionality whether you are using them to clip into protection or a bolt, or on a quickdraw.

Bent gates are designed to make clipping easier. While the shape of the gate does not affect its strength, bent gate carabiners should only be used to clip into your rope because they can unclip more easily from protection or bolts. This practice also ensures that you don’t use a carabiner that’s been scarred by a metal hangar on your rope, which can damage it.

3. Gate closure

The traditional gate closure is a simple notch in the nose that hooks into a pin on the gate. While this is a strong, reliable gate closure type, there can be a problem with the notch hooking onto things - a bolt hanger, stopper wire or sling for example.

The solution is what’s known as a keylock closure.  A keylock closure gate essentially transfers the task of “hooking” the nose and gate together to the gate.  The nose has a key shape that’s matched up to a corresponding keyhole in the gate, providing a clean design and eliminating the problem of nosehooking.

Climb safely

The strength of a carabiner is measured in kiloNewtons (kN) – the force of mass x acceleration. One kiloNewton is approximately 225 lbs. of force. But this strength rating assumes the carabiner is being used properly. Here are a few tips to make sure you use your correctly:

• Check the gate’s action every time you use it. It should open and close easily.
• Make sure the nose and hinge, or keylock are not compromised or obstructed.
• Never let your rope run against the sleeve of a locking carabiner.
• Make sure loads are only placed along the major axis. Loads placed on the shorter axis can cause the device to fail in a fall.
• Remember that your carabiner’s strength is more than halved if the gate is open.
• Avoid any non-locking carabiner set-ups that allow a rope to cross back to open a gate.
• Use a locking carabiner at crucial points.
• Always make sure your locking carabiner is secure before you use it.
  
  
  Written & Researched 
  By Wendy Niven